Arduino Programming

Hi everyone!! 🤩

There are 4 tasks that will be explained in this page:

Input devices:

Interface a potentiometer analog input to maker UNO board and measure/show its signal in serial monitor Arduino IDE.
Interface a LDR to maker UNO board and measure/show its signal in serial monitor Arduino IDE

Output devices:

Interface 3 LEDs (Red, Yellow, Green) to maker UNO board and program it to perform something (fade or flash etc)
Include the pushbutton on the MakerUno board to start/stop part 2.a. above

For each of the tasks, I will describe:

The program/code that I have used and explanation of the code. The code is in writable format (not an image).
The sources/references that I used to write the code/program.
The problems I encountered and how I fixed them.
The evidence that the code/program worked in the form of video of the executed program/code.

Finally, I will describe:

My Learning reflection on the overall Arduino programming activities.

1. Input Devices

Activity	Code/Program in writable format	Explanation
Interface a potentiometer analog input to maker UNO board and measure/show its signal in serial monitor Arduino IDE.	// C++ code // int sensorValue = 0; void setup() { Serial.begin(9600); pinMode(A0, INPUT); pinMode(13, OUTPUT); } void loop() { // read the value from the sensor sensorValue = analogRead(A0); // turn LED off digitalWrite(13, HIGH); // pause the program for <sensorValue> milliseconds delay(sensorValue); // Wait for sensorValue millisecond(s) Serial.println(sensorValue); // turn LED off digitalWrite(13, LOW); // pause the program for <sensorValue> milliseconds delay(sensorValue); // Wait for sensorValue millisecond(s) }	Serial.begin(9600); helps establish serial communication between Arduino Board and other devices. Serial.println(sensorVal); It displays the value of sensorVal if it is pressed. pinMode(13, OUTPUT); means that we are setting PIN 13 as the output For this code, if SensorVal is high, PIN 13 would be low. ELSE will be HIGH.
Source: Tinkercad Website: https://www.tinkercad.com/things/9yD4fG1l1Dq Brightspace video: https://youtu.be/-EDYMQ9lczA
Troubleshooting: To be honest, when the LDR did not blink, I started panicking thinking that the code that I found was incorrect. However, after meddling around with the board and the wires, it turns out that it was just the wires that were not attached properly. Additionally, I also had some issues with the potentiometer as I had to turn it multiple times just to make the LDR light up. Other than that, all was good 😁

Here are some photos of the process:

Here is the video of the final result:

Activity	Code/Program in writable format	Explanation
Interface a LDR to maker UNO board and measure/show its signal in serial monitor Arduino IDE	int sensorvalue=0; void setup() { pinMode(A0,INPUT); Serial.begin(9600); pinMode(10,OUTPUT); } void loop() { sensorvalue=analogRead(A0); Serial.println(sensorvalue); analogWrite(10,map(sensorvalue,0,1023,255,0)); delay(100); } /////////////////////////////////// /// if we don't want to use map functin.... /* int sensorvalue=0; int y,x; float rv; void setup() { pinMode(A0,INPUT); Serial.begin(9600); pinMode(10,OUTPUT); } void loop() { sensorvalue=analogRead(A0); Serial.println(sensorvalue); y = (255.0/1023.0)sensorvalue; Serial.println(y); analogWrite(10,y); rv=(5.0/255)y; Serial.println(rv); delay(100); } */	Serial.begin(9600); helps establish serial communication between Arduino Board and other devices. pinMode(10, OUTPUT); means that we are setting PIN 10 as the output Serial.println(sensorVal); It displays the value of sensorVal if it is pressed.
Source: Tinkercad: https://www.tinkercad.com/things/a1mE5uX9hUu
Troubleshooting: The LED did not light up which again made me panic, however, this time the problem was easier to solve as I made a careless mistake of not adding one wire. The position of the LED also had to be switched. Initially, I put the positive side on the left instead of the other way around. Overall, it was easier to settle than the previous one ✌️

Here are some pictures of the process:

Here's the video with the final result:

I filmed it in the dark so that it would be easier to see when the light for the LED is dimmed. As seen from the video, when there is little to no light, the graph decreases sharply and vice versa.

2. Output

Activity	Code/Program in writable format	Explanation
Interface 3 LEDs (Red, Yellow, Green) to maker UNO board and program it to perform something (fade or flash etc)	void setup() { pinMode(13, OUTPUT); pinMode(12, OUTPUT); pinMode(11, OUTPUT); Serial.begin(9600); } void loop() { digitalWrite(13,HIGH); digitalWrite(12,LOW); digitalWrite(11,LOW); delay(2000); digitalWrite(13,LOW); digitalWrite(11,HIGH); digitalWrite(12,LOW); delay(2000); digitalWrite(13,LOW); digitalWrite(11,LOW); digitalWrite(12,HIGH); delay(2000); }	delay(2000): there will be a delay of 2s between each LED lighting up
Source: Tinkercad: https://www.tinkercad.com/things/kMZoRzl9tj0
Troubleshooting: This time ALL 3 LEDs did not light up which obviously means something is wrong. Again, I switched the positions of the LEDs which somehow worked. The green LED was not working which meant that I had to change the LED. After changing, I realised that the light from the green LED wasn’t as strong as the other. But , it still lighted up so all good ✨

Here are some photos of the process:

This is the reference I used from Tinkercad:

Actual Set-up:

This is the final result (I filmed it in the dark again cause the green LED is dimmer compared to the rest) :

Activity

Code/Program in writable format

Explanation

Push button for the above activity

int LEDdelay = 0;

void setup()

{

//start serial connection

Serial.begin(9600);

//configure pin 2 as an input and enable the internal pull-up resistor

pinMode(2, INPUT_PULLUP);

pinMode(LED_BUILTIN, OUTPUT);

pinMode(12, OUTPUT);

pinMode(11, OUTPUT);

}

void loop()

{

//read the pushbutton value into a variable

int sensorVal = digitalRead(2);

//print out the value of the pushbutton

Serial.println(sensorVal);

if (sensorVal == LOW) {

LEDdelay = 400;

digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, HIGH);